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Rollenhagen v. City of Orange

Citations: 116 Cal. App. 3d 414; 172 Cal. Rptr. 49; 6 Media L. Rep. (BNA) 2561; 1981 Cal. App. LEXIS 1459Docket: Civ. 21511

Court: California Court of Appeal; February 2, 1981; California; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this defamation case, the plaintiff appealed a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (NOV) and a conditional grant of a new trial after a jury verdict in his favor against CBS and an individual defendant. The case arose from a broadcast alleging improper business practices, which the plaintiff argued was defamatory. The trial court granted NOV, concluding that the broadcast was protected by a qualified privilege under Civil Code section 47, as it addressed a matter of public interest and lacked evidence of malice. The plaintiff contended that the privilege should not apply, citing recent Supreme Court rulings on libel. However, the court found no actual malice, a requirement for overcoming the privilege, as CBS had a good faith belief in the truth of the broadcast. Procedurally, the court affirmed that a directed verdict motion is not necessary before a NOV, per the Code of Civil Procedure. The appellate court upheld the trial court's decisions, finding the absence of malice and maintaining that the broadcast was a fair comment on a public issue, thus affirming the judgment for the defendants.

Legal Issues Addressed

Actual Malice Standard

Application: The plaintiff failed to demonstrate actual malice, which requires evidence beyond mere negligence, such as a reckless disregard for the truth.

Reasoning: Mere negligence in investigating facts does not establish malice; malice requires a reckless or wanton disregard for the truth.

Fair Comment Doctrine

Application: The court found the broadcast privileged under the 'Fair Comment' doctrine, which applies to matters of public interest unless malice is shown.

Reasoning: California courts have long upheld the fair comment privilege on public interest matters, emphasizing that as long as there is no malice, even criticisms of public figures can be nonactionable.

Judgment Non Obstante Veredicto (NOV)

Application: The court affirmed the trial court's decision to grant a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (NOV) after finding no evidence of malice or unfair reporting by CBS.

Reasoning: The court reviewed the entire record and upheld the trial court's decision to grant a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (NOV).

Procedural Requirements for Judgment NOV

Application: The court clarified that a directed verdict motion need not precede a NOV ruling, supporting the trial court's procedural handling.

Reasoning: There is no legal requirement for a directed verdict motion to precede a NOV ruling, as established by the 1963 amendment to Code of Civil Procedure section 629.

Qualified Privilege under Civil Code Section 47

Application: CBS's broadcast was deemed qualifiedly privileged under California law, as it concerned a matter of public interest and no malice was proven by the plaintiff.

Reasoning: Under California law, absent evidence of malice—which is defined as a state of mind stemming from hatred or ill will toward the plaintiff—defendants are entitled to judgment as a matter of law.