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Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. v. Sequoia Insurance

Citations: 211 Cal. App. 3d 1285; 260 Cal. Rptr. 190; 1989 Cal. App. LEXIS 720Docket: F009707

Court: California Court of Appeal; June 28, 1989; California; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company seeking reimbursement from Sequoia and Transamerica Insurance Companies for settlements paid following an accident involving a Chevrolet Blazer. Hartford filed for declaratory relief to determine insurance coverage hierarchy, resulting in a summary judgment in its favor. The court ordered Sequoia to reimburse Hartford with prejudgment interest, while Transamerica was ordered to pay without such interest. The dispute centered on which insurance policies were considered primary or excess, based on California Insurance Code sections 11580.8 and 11580.9. The court found only the Hartford Business Auto Policy specifically described the vehicle involved, making it primary. Attempts by Sequoia and Transamerica to argue that the Hartford Umbrella policy incorporated the Business Auto policy were rejected. The court also ruled on the admissibility of expert testimony regarding policy interpretation. Ultimately, Hartford was awarded prejudgment interest from Transamerica, as the damages were deemed certain. The judgment was modified to include interest, and Hartford was awarded costs on appeal, with a petition for review denied. The decision clarifies the application of statutory presumptions in determining insurance coverage hierarchy and the interpretation of insurance policy terms.

Legal Issues Addressed

Contribution Among Multiple Insurance Policies

Application: The court outlined methods of contribution among insurers, such as contribution by equal shares or by limits, depending on the other insurance terms.

Reasoning: The document outlines the conditions under which an insurance company is liable for losses when multiple insurance policies are applicable.

Hierarchy of Insurance Coverage

Application: The court determined the priority of insurance coverage by examining which policies were considered primary or excess based on statutory presumptions and policy descriptions.

Reasoning: Among the four insurance policies examined, only the Hartford Business Auto Policy No. 51 AB FC6905 specifically described the 1976 Chevrolet Blazer as an owned vehicle, making it the only primary policy under section 11580.9, subdivision (d).

Incorporation by Reference in Insurance Contracts

Application: The court rejected the argument that the Hartford Umbrella policy incorporated the Hartford Business Auto policy by reference, emphasizing that ambiguous terms must be construed within the policy’s language.

Reasoning: There is no incorporation by reference of the Hartford Business Auto Policy into the Hartford Umbrella policy, leading to the conclusion that the 1976 Chevrolet Blazer is not considered an 'owned automobile' under the umbrella policy.

Interpretation of Insurance Policies

Application: The court emphasized that insurance policies must be interpreted as a whole and ambiguous terms are construed against insurers only when meanings cannot be inferred from the policy language.

Reasoning: The language of the Hartford Umbrella policy is unambiguous, and a thorough reading confirms that the intention was not to incorporate the underlying auto policy.

Prejudgment Interest on Insurance Claims

Application: Hartford was entitled to prejudgment interest from Transamerica because the damages were ascertainable and not contingent, and the potential right to recover became certain when the primary policy limit was exhausted.

Reasoning: The court found that Hartford's potential right to recover damages became certain on October 14, 1986, when it exhausted its primary policy limit.