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Johnston v. Cunningham

Citations: 12 Cal. App. 3d 123; 90 Cal. Rptr. 487; 1970 Cal. App. LEXIS 1613Docket: Civ. 12305

Court: California Court of Appeal; October 20, 1970; California; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this appellate proceeding, the plaintiff contested the trial court's decision to uphold the release of an attachment on a prune crop, which was challenged by a third-party claimant under California Code of Civil Procedure section 689. The plaintiff had initially attached the crop related to a debt by the defendant, stored at a third party's facility. The legal dispute arose when the third party claimed ownership, prompting the constable to notify the plaintiff's attorney of this claim without sending a formal written demand for an undertaking. The plaintiff pursued a hearing on the claim, but the constable released the attachment before the hearing could occur, and the prunes were subsequently sold. The appellate court found that the statutory requirements, including the issuance of a written demand for an undertaking, were not met, rendering the release of the attachment improper. Furthermore, the court held that a hearing on the title was mandatory and that the trial court's failure to conduct such a hearing constituted a reversible error. The case was remanded for appropriate proceedings to determine the rightful ownership of the crop under section 689, allowing the plaintiff to seek redress if the title determination favored him. The court dismissed arguments regarding the unconstitutionality of attachments, affirming the adequacy of California's procedural framework for third-party claims. Consequently, the order was reversed, and the matter was returned to the trial court for further action consistent with these findings.

Legal Issues Addressed

Procedural Due Process in Attachment Proceedings

Application: The court rejected claims that attachments were unconstitutional, indicating that California's procedures are adequate for resolving title disputes.

Reasoning: Spinelli argues that 'attachments are now unconstitutional,' referencing Sniadach v. Family Finance Corp., which ruled prejudgment wage garnishment violates procedural due process but is limited to wages.

Release of Attachment under California Code of Civil Procedure Section 689

Application: The court found that the constable released the attachment improperly due to the lack of a written demand for an undertaking, as required by statute.

Reasoning: The court determined that the trial court erred in sustaining the release of attachment and allowing the third-party claim. It emphasized that attachment proceedings are strictly statutory, requiring adherence to procedural mandates, including the necessity of a written demand for an undertaking by the levying officer after a third party claim is made.

Right to a Hearing on Title under Section 689

Application: The plaintiff is entitled to a judicial hearing for title determination, which the trial court failed to conduct, leading to reversible error.

Reasoning: The trial court improperly allowed the third-party claim without conducting the mandated hearing or requiring proof of title, effectively permitting the claimant to take the property without a proper declaration of title. This summary disposition constituted reversible error.

Substantial Compliance with Statutory Requirements

Application: The court held that substantial compliance cannot exist without any compliance, stressing the necessity of a written demand.

Reasoning: The trial court's justification of 'substantial compliance' undermines this written demand requirement, as substantial compliance cannot exist without any compliance.