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Great Lakes Chemical Corp. v. International Surplus Lines Insurance Co.

Citations: 638 N.E.2d 847; 1994 Ind. App. LEXIS 1038; 1994 WL 417463Docket: 23A04-9301-CV-12

Court: Indiana Court of Appeals; August 11, 1994; Indiana; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves Great Lakes Chemical Company's appeal against a trial court decision granting summary judgment to International Surplus Lines Insurance Company (ISLIC) and First State Insurance Company, which denied coverage for claims related to environmental contamination by ethylene dibromide (EDB). The primary legal issues include the applicability of pollution exclusion clauses, ISLIC's duty to defend Great Lakes, and coverage for damages claimed by the City of Fresno. The trial court ruled in favor of the insurers, but the appellate court reversed this decision. The court found that the pollution exclusion clauses did not apply to Great Lakes' EDB claims, as the environmental damage stemmed from product liability, not intentional pollution. It also concluded that ISLIC had a duty to defend based on an endorsement in the policy. Additionally, the court determined that coverage is triggered by the occurrence of property damage during the policy period, rather than when damages are incurred. The decision reverses the summary judgment for ISLIC, directing coverage and defense costs to be provided to Great Lakes, and remands the case for further proceedings.

Legal Issues Addressed

Coverage Trigger for Property Damage Claims

Application: The court found that coverage is triggered at the time physical property damage occurs, rather than when the damage is discovered or costs are incurred.

Reasoning: Great Lakes asserts that the contamination of groundwater was a direct result of pesticide applications during the coverage period, regardless of when the City incurred cleanup costs.

Duty to Defend under Insurance Policies

Application: The court held that ISLIC has a duty to defend Great Lakes in the underlying lawsuits because the policy endorsement requiring payment of defense costs supersedes other policy provisions.

Reasoning: The court finds that the endorsement supersedes the policy's provisions that suggest ISLIC has no duty to defend.

Interpretation of Insurance Contracts

Application: The court emphasized that insurance contracts should be interpreted to favor the insured when ambiguity exists, particularly concerning pollution exclusion clauses.

Reasoning: If ambiguity exists—where multiple interpretations are possible—the policy should favor the insured to fulfill the purpose of indemnity.

Pollution Exclusion Clauses in Insurance Policies

Application: The court determined that pollution exclusion clauses in the ISLIC and First State policies do not apply to exclude coverage for Great Lakes' claims related to environmental contamination by EDB.

Reasoning: Despite the pollution exclusion clauses seemingly applying to the EDB claims, the court concluded that they did not exclude coverage in this instance.

Summary Judgment Standards

Application: Summary judgment is appropriate only when no material facts are in dispute, which was not the case here due to the existence of genuine issues regarding policy notifications and exclusions.

Reasoning: The appellate court reviews the summary judgment under the same standard as the trial court, determining that summary judgment is appropriate only when no material facts are in dispute and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.