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Michael H. v. Gerald D.

Citations: 191 Cal. App. 3d 995; 236 Cal. Rptr. 810; 1987 Cal. App. LEXIS 1699Docket: Docket Nos. B015384, B018241

Court: California Court of Appeal; May 7, 1987; California; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, Michael H. sought to establish paternity over Victoria D., challenging the presumption of Gerald D.'s paternity under Evidence Code section 621 due to his marital relationship with Carole D. Despite a blood test indicating a high probability of Michael H.'s biological paternity, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Gerald D., which was subsequently appealed by both Michael H. and Victoria D. The court's decision was rooted in the conclusive presumption that a child born to a married woman cohabiting with her husband is presumed the husband's child, emphasizing the state's interest in preserving family integrity. Michael H. and Victoria D. raised constitutional challenges, asserting due process and equal protection violations, but the court determined that the state's interest in maintaining family stability outweighed Michael H.'s paternity claim. Victoria D.'s cross-complaint to recognize a psychological parent-child relationship with Michael H. was dismissed, as was his request for visitation rights, deemed contrary to Victoria's best interests. The appellate court affirmed the summary judgment and remanded the case to address Victoria D.'s attorneys' fees, concluding that the legal framework did not support Michael H.'s claims or visitation rights.

Legal Issues Addressed

Constitutional Challenges to Evidence Code Section 621

Application: The court balanced the interests of the putative father, Michael H., against state interests in family integrity, finding no due process or equal protection violations.

Reasoning: The state's adoption of the Uniform Parentage Act aims to mitigate social stigma associated with illegitimacy. Thus, no due process violation occurred with the application of section 621.

Estoppel and Presumption of Legitimacy

Application: The court found no grounds for estoppel against Carole D. and Gerald D. as Michael H.'s claims did not demonstrate misleading actions causing injury.

Reasoning: The claims of Michael H. and Victoria D. were based on various actions and circumstances surrounding the acknowledgment of paternity, but the court found insufficient grounds to apply estoppel in this instance.

Presumption of Parentage under Evidence Code Section 621

Application: The court upheld the presumption that a child born to a married woman living with her husband is presumed to be the husband's child, rejecting Michael H.'s challenge to establish paternity.

Reasoning: The trial court granted this motion, prompting separate appeals from Michael H. and Victoria D.

Recognition of Psychological Parent-Child Relationship

Application: The court rejected Victoria D.'s cross-complaint to establish a de facto parent-child relationship with Michael H., affirming the legal recognition of Gerald D. as the father.

Reasoning: The law does not recognize both a legal and a de facto father for the same child, and the cited case, Guardianship of Philip B., is not applicable here.

Summary Judgment Standards

Application: Summary judgment was affirmed as no triable issues existed concerning the presumption of parentage, and procedural challenges regarding the motion were dismissed.

Reasoning: Summary judgment is granted when the moving party's evidence definitively negates an essential element of the plaintiff's case or establishes a complete defense, eliminating any material factual issues that necessitate a trial.

Visitation Rights under Civil Code Section 4601

Application: The court denied visitation rights to Michael H. based on the best interests of the child, as his claim to paternity was legally untenable.

Reasoning: The Court of Appeal upheld the conclusive presumption that Frank is Z.'s father, rejecting the appellant's request for visitation rights under Civil Code section 4601.