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People v. Russell

Citations: 451 N.W.2d 625; 182 Mich. App. 314Docket: Docket 105077

Court: Michigan Court of Appeals; February 20, 1990; Michigan; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this criminal case, the defendant was convicted of first-degree criminal sexual conduct involving his stepdaughters and received concurrent sentences of twenty to forty years. The defendant appealed his conviction, arguing that the trial court's jury selection process violated his rights by requiring simultaneous peremptory challenges, contrary to Michigan Court Rules. The appellate court agreed, finding the procedure to be in violation of MCR 2.511(E)(3)(b) and reversing the convictions based on this improper jury selection. Other issues raised on appeal included the consideration of the stepparent relationship in assessing mental anguish, which was deemed appropriate, and claims of improper expert testimony, which were waived due to lack of objection at trial. Despite dissent noting the minimal impact of the jury selection process on the trial's outcome, the appellate court emphasized the fundamental right to an impartial jury, leading to the reversal of the conviction and remanding for a new trial. The defendant's expressed satisfaction with the jury selection process was seen as a waiver of objections, but the reversal was primarily grounded in the procedural error during jury selection.

Legal Issues Addressed

Consideration of Stepparent Relationship in Mental Anguish

Application: The court held that considering the stepparent relationship in assessing the complainants' mental anguish was appropriate, citing the defendant's long-term father-figure role.

Reasoning: Citing *People v Petrella*, the court supports this consideration, noting that the defendant had been a father-figure to the complainants for ten years, justifying its relevance.

Expert Testimony and Witness Credibility

Application: The defendant's claim of improper vouching by the prosecution's expert was waived due to lack of objection at trial, and the court deemed the expert's testimony permissible.

Reasoning: The defendant also claims he was denied a fair trial due to the prosecution's expert witness improperly vouching for the credibility of the minor children. However, this issue was waived as it was not objected to during trial.

Jury Selection and Peremptory Challenges

Application: The appellate court found the trial court's jury selection process violated Michigan Court Rule (MCR) 2.511(E)(3)(b) by requiring simultaneous peremptory challenges, leading to a reversal of the conviction.

Reasoning: The appellate court found that the trial court's procedure contradicted Michigan Court Rule (MCR) 2.511(E)(3)(b), which does not support simultaneous multiple challenges, and MCR 2.511(F), which mandates the selection of a new juror after a challenge.

Procedural Adjustments and Waiver of Objections

Application: The trial court's later adjustment to allow single peremptory challenges was noted, and the defendant's expressed satisfaction with the jury implied a waiver of objections to the initial process.

Reasoning: Defendant expressed satisfaction with the jury selected, as evidenced by his failure to use four of his available peremptory challenges and his explicit statement of satisfaction to the trial court.

Right to an Impartial Jury

Application: The requirement for simultaneous peremptory challenges was found to impede the defendant's ability to exercise discretion in jury selection, thereby violating the right to an impartial jury.

Reasoning: The court's requirement hindered the defendant's ability to evaluate jurors effectively, impacting the fair exercise of peremptory challenges.