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Sych v. Insurance Co. of North America

Citations: 173 Cal. App. 3d 321; 220 Cal. Rptr. 692Docket: B003996

Court: California Court of Appeal; October 15, 1985; California; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case revolves around a minor, represented by her mother, appealing the trial court's dismissal of claims against two insurance companies for alleged unfair practices and violations of the Insurance Code. The appellant's initial lawsuit against a medical professional for negligence, which resulted in cerebral palsy, was unsuccessful. The insurers delayed settlement offers until just before trial, leading to a defense verdict that was upheld on appeal. Subsequent claims against the insurers for bad faith were dismissed due to the lack of established liability against the medical professional. The court held that Insurance Code section 790.03 requires a confirmed liability before third-party bad faith claims can proceed. Assertions of insurer misconduct, including failure to settle and coercive practices, were deemed insufficient without demonstrating liability. The court sustained the insurers' demurrers without leave to amend, citing res judicata to prevent relitigation of settled issues. Additionally, the appellant's claim for declaratory relief was abandoned as it could not apply retrospectively. The judgment was affirmed, with each party responsible for their costs and fees, and a petition for Supreme Court review was denied. This case underscores the necessity of establishing underlying liability in pursuing bad faith insurance claims, as interpreted by Royal Globe and subsequent case law.

Legal Issues Addressed

Declaratory Relief and Prospective Application

Application: The appellant abandoned the claim for declaratory relief as it could not address past grievances, aligning with the principle that declaratory relief is intended for future application.

Reasoning: Appellant has effectively abandoned her claim for declaratory relief, which is intended for future application rather than merely addressing past grievances.

Doctrine of Res Judicata in Insurance Litigation

Application: The appellant's claim was barred by res judicata, as the malpractice suit's result must be considered in bad faith claims to prevent relitigation of settled issues.

Reasoning: Public policy and res judicata principles further support this outcome. If the malpractice suit's result were irrelevant to the bad faith claim, it would permit the appellant to relitigate the negligence issue regarding Doctor Innes, undermining the finality of the earlier judgment.

Impact of Royal Globe Decision

Application: Royal Globe's application was not retroactive, as it introduced a significant change in legal interpretation regarding insurers' duties and liabilities.

Reasoning: In Avila v. Travelers Ins. Companies, it was determined that the Royal Globe decision should not be applied retroactively, as it represented a significant shift in legal interpretation.

Third-Party Claims under Insurance Code Section 790.03

Application: The appellant's claim against the insurers was dismissed because the underlying defendant's liability was not established, which is a prerequisite for a third-party bad faith action.

Reasoning: In Williams v. Transport Indemnity Co., the court held that actual liability of the insured must be established before any claim can be made against the insurer for violations under Insurance Code section 790.03, subdivision (h).