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Gavula v. ARA Services, Inc.

Citations: 756 A.2d 17; 2000 Pa. Super. 177; 2000 Pa. Super. LEXIS 1149

Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania; June 22, 2000; Pennsylvania; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the appellants, Marie and Donald Gavula, challenged the trial court's summary judgment in favor of ARA Services, Inc. and its affiliates after Marie suffered injuries in a step van during her employment. The appellants argued negligence, strict liability under the Restatement (Second) of Torts Section 402A, and breach of warranty of merchantability. The trial court dismissed the claims, granting summary judgment to the appellees, who contended they were not 'sellers' under the relevant legal standards and lacked the merchant status required for warranty claims. The appellants' appeal was deemed timely due to procedural irregularities regarding notice. On the merits, the court affirmed the dismissal, ruling that the appellees were not 'sellers' under Section 402A, as they did not engage in selling vans but rather corporate assets, thus not liable under strict liability. The breach of warranty claims failed under the UCC, as ARA was not a merchant in the context of the goods sold. Furthermore, the negligence claim lacked a clear duty owed to the appellants, leading to its dismissal. The court upheld the summary judgment, concluding the appellees did not meet the criteria for liability on any asserted grounds.

Legal Issues Addressed

Appeal Timeliness under Pa.R.Civ. P. 236

Application: The court found the appellants' appeal to be timely since the appealable date was when the docket notation was made on March 30, 1999, not the initial dismissal date.

Reasoning: The matter became appealable only on March 30, 1999, as the September 15, 1998 docket entry lacked the necessary notice to parties required by Pa.R.Civ. P. 236.

Breach of Warranty under the Uniform Commercial Code

Application: The appellants' breach of warranty claim failed because ARA was not a merchant in the goods sold, thus negating an implied warranty of merchantability.

Reasoning: ARA's sale of corporate assets does not qualify as selling goods of that kind, thereby negating any implied warranty of merchantability.

Negligence Claim Requirements

Application: The appellants failed to establish a negligence claim as they did not demonstrate a specific duty owed by the appellees to Marie Gavula.

Reasoning: Appellants have not provided adequate factual support demonstrating that appellees owed a duty of care to Marie Gavula at the time of her accident.

Successor Liability under Restatement (Third) of Torts

Application: The court noted that a successor entity may be liable for defective products of a predecessor only under specific conditions, none of which were applicable in this case.

Reasoning: A successor entity may be liable for harm caused by a defective product sold by a predecessor only if certain conditions are met.

Termination of Parental Rights under Civil Code Section 232

Application: The court determined that the appellees were not 'sellers' under Section 402A, as they were not engaged in the business of selling vans, but rather sold corporate assets.

Reasoning: Strict liability under Section 402A does not apply to certain types of sales, such as bankruptcy and bulk sales, as clarified in Comment f.