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Shifflett v. Commonwealth

Citations: 269 S.E.2d 353; 221 Va. 191; 1980 Va. LEXIS 233Docket: Record 791272

Court: Supreme Court of Virginia; August 28, 1980; Virginia; State Supreme Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the defendant was convicted of sodomy and malicious wounding, receiving respective sentences of five and thirteen years. The appeal centered on a jury instruction error concerning the definition of malicious wounding. Instruction No. 11 failed to clarify that wounding could be classified as either malicious or unlawful. Although the trial court acknowledged the error, it provided the jury with additional definitions of 'malicious' and 'unlawful' to guide their deliberation. The defense objected to the continued presence of the erroneous instruction, arguing for its withdrawal, but the court declined, allowing counsel the opportunity to reargue instead. The Commonwealth argued that the objection was not preserved for appeal, whereas the defense maintained it was timely. The court concluded that the error in the instruction was remedied by other correct instructions and upheld the jury's verdict, finding it consistent with the evidence of a brutal, unprovoked attack. The judgment was affirmed, asserting that the only reasonable verdict supported by the evidence was malicious wounding.

Legal Issues Addressed

Definition of Malicious Wounding

Application: The trial court provided the jury with definitions of malicious and unlawful wounding, clarifying that malice involved unlawful motives.

Reasoning: Malice was defined as a technical term encompassing unlawful motives, while unlawful wounding was described as an intentional, unjustified wounding carried out without malice.

Jury Instruction Errors

Application: Despite an error in Instruction No. 11 regarding the definition of malicious wounding, the trial court's additional instructions were deemed sufficient to cure the error.

Reasoning: The Commonwealth also claimed that any error in Instruction No. 11 was remedied by other instructions, which the defendant disputed, stating that one erroneous instruction is rarely cured by another correct instruction.

Preservation of Objections for Appeal

Application: The defendant's objection to the jury instructions was argued to be timely, impacting the appeal's consideration.

Reasoning: The Commonwealth contended that the objection was not preserved for appeal, while the defendant argued that his objection was timely made before the verdict.