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Cincinnati Insurance v. MacLeod

Citations: 577 S.E.2d 799; 259 Ga. App. 761; 2003 Fulton County D. Rep. 232; 2003 Ga. App. LEXIS 67Docket: A03A0253

Court: Court of Appeals of Georgia; January 16, 2003; Georgia; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, Cincinnati Insurance Company appealed the denial of its motions following a jury verdict in favor of Jeff MacLeod, trustee for the bankrupt estate of Michael A. Bohannon. The dispute arose from Cincinnati's failure to defend Bohannon, a permissive driver under an insured vehicle, in a lawsuit after a vehicle collision. Initially acknowledged as insured by Cincinnati, Bohannon was later left undefended, resulting in a substantial default judgment. Despite Cincinnati's attempts to reverse the judgment, the appellate court reinstated it, prompting Bohannon to file for bankruptcy. MacLeod sued Cincinnati for bad faith, securing a $352,000 judgment. The court found Cincinnati liable for its breach of duty to defend, extending coverage to Bohannon as a permissive driver and applying collateral and judicial estoppel doctrines to affirm the judgment. The trial court's ruling that Cincinnati could not shift the liability for damages to Bohannon, nor apply the rule of election requiring him to request coverage explicitly, was upheld. Ultimately, the appellate court affirmed the lower court's decision, emphasizing the insurer's failure to defend as the proximate cause of Bohannon's damages.

Legal Issues Addressed

Bad Faith Breach of Duty to Defend

Application: MacLeod, representing Bohannon's bankruptcy estate, successfully sued Cincinnati for bad faith in failing to defend Bohannon, resulting in a significant judgment against the insurer.

Reasoning: MacLeod then sued Cincinnati for bad faith, resulting in a judgment of $352,000 against the insurer.

Collateral Estoppel and Negligence Determination

Application: Cincinnati was estopped from contesting the damages awarded to Bohannon due to its failure to provide a timely defense, as the negligence issue was already settled.

Reasoning: The doctrine of collateral estoppel, which prevents relitigation of issues already determined in a competent court, applied here.

Duty to Defend Under Insurance Policy

Application: Cincinnati Insurance Company failed to defend Bohannon in a lawsuit despite initially acknowledging him as an insured party, leading to a default judgment against him.

Reasoning: Mitek noted Cincinnati's intention not to defend Bohannon but did not inform him or Harwell of this decision.

Insurance Coverage for Permissive Drivers

Application: The court ruled that insurance coverage extends to non-owners driving with permission, and Bohannon was entitled to a defense as a permissive driver under the owner's policy.

Reasoning: Insurance coverage for a car extends to non-owners driving with permission, regardless of whether the driver explicitly requested such coverage.

Judicial Estoppel in Insurance Litigation

Application: Judicial estoppel prevented Cincinnati from contradicting its previous favorable stance in a different legal proceeding, reinforcing the judgment against the insurer.

Reasoning: Judicial estoppel was also relevant, as Cincinnati had previously taken a favorable position in another legal proceeding and later adopted an opposing stance in this case.