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Bowling v. Janmar, Inc.

Citations: 234 S.E.2d 849; 142 Ga. App. 53; 1977 Ga. App. LEXIS 1473Docket: 53765

Court: Court of Appeals of Georgia; April 19, 1977; Georgia; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the Court of Appeals of Georgia examined the liability of Janmar, Inc., a property owner, for injuries sustained by the appellant, Bowling, who was assaulted by a third party outside a restaurant. The incident followed a prior altercation inside the restaurant between the assailant and one of Janmar’s employees over a missing tip. The primary legal issue was whether Janmar had a duty to protect Bowling from the unexpected attack. The court relied on Georgia law, which stipulates that property owners are liable for third-party injuries to invitees only if they knew or should have known of a dangerous condition. The court found no evidence suggesting that Janmar was aware of any potential danger or that the assault was foreseeable. Consequently, the court affirmed the summary judgment in favor of Janmar, ruling out negligence. Judges Webb and Marshall concurred, confirming that Janmar could not be held liable under Code § 105-401, as the injuries resulted from an independent criminal act. The decision left Bowling to seek any remedy under other legal provisions not applicable to the case at hand.

Legal Issues Addressed

Duty of Care of Property Owners under Georgia Law

Application: Janmar, Inc. was not liable for the assault as they had no knowledge of a dangerous condition nor could they have discovered it through ordinary care.

Reasoning: Under Georgia law, an occupier of land is liable for injuries to invitees caused by third parties only if the occupier had knowledge of a dangerous condition or could have discovered it through ordinary care.

Foreseeability of Criminal Acts by Third Parties

Application: The court determined that the attack on Bowling was unexpected and unprovoked, thus not foreseeable by Janmar, Inc.

Reasoning: The court found no evidence that Janmar was aware of any dangerous condition or that the attack was foreseeable.

Liability for Independent Criminal Acts

Application: Janmar, Inc. was not held liable for Bowling’s injuries as they were the result of an independent criminal act by a third party.

Reasoning: As the appellant's injuries were a direct result of an independent criminal act by a third party, the court concluded that Janmar could not be held liable under Code § 105-401.