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Cramer v. PEMCO INSURANCE

Citations: 842 P.2d 479; 67 Wash. App. 563; 1992 Wash. App. LEXIS 422Docket: 29584-5-I

Court: Court of Appeals of Washington; October 12, 1992; Washington; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In a dispute over underinsured motorist (UIM) benefits, Mondell and Vicky Cramer appealed a summary judgment favoring PEMCO Insurance. Following an automobile accident, the Cramers settled with the at-fault driver's insurer, Farmers Insurance, for the policy limit of $25,000 while reserving their right to pursue UIM claims. An arbitration panel awarded them $30,000, covering various damages including loss of consortium. PEMCO declined to pay additional UIM benefits, asserting that the combined settlement and personal injury protection payments exceeded the arbitration award. The Cramers argued for separate treatment of Vicky's loss of consortium claim, but the court held that their joint release precluded further breakdown of claims. The court affirmed PEMCO's position, emphasizing the settlement's lump sum nature and the inability to partition claims post-settlement to expand UIM coverage. The court also noted that the Cramers could allocate their recovery as desired within the arbitration award's limits. The decision was upheld, preventing the Cramers from relitigating the arbitration-determined damages due to collateral estoppel.

Legal Issues Addressed

Allocation of Settlement and PIP Payments

Application: Insured parties are allowed to allocate their settlement and PIP payments as they choose, provided the total does not exceed the arbitrators' award.

Reasoning: The Cramers are permitted to allocate their settlement and PIP payment as they choose, including the method used by arbitrators to determine a total damage award of $30,000.

Collateral Estoppel in Arbitration Awards

Application: Parties are prevented from relitigating the total damages once determined in arbitration.

Reasoning: The Cramers are also collaterally estopped from relitigating the total damages determined in arbitration.

Effect of Settlement Release on Subsequent Claims

Application: Executing a release for a lump sum settlement precludes the insured from later demanding a breakdown of damages to expand UIM coverage obligations.

Reasoning: The court affirmed PEMCO's position, emphasizing that the Cramers had released all claims for a lump sum and could not later demand a breakdown of damages to expand UIM coverage obligations.

Loss of Consortium Claims Under UIM Coverage

Application: Loss of consortium claims are not treated as separate from the primary insured's claims when determining the total recovery under UIM coverage.

Reasoning: The Cramers contended Vicky's loss of consortium claim was distinct from Mondell's claim and should not be linked to it, seeking the full amount of her award.

Underinsured Motorist (UIM) Coverage Obligations

Application: The court held that the insurer is not obligated to pay additional amounts that would exceed the total damages determined by arbitration when the insured has already received payments from a settlement that exceed the arbitration award.

Reasoning: PEMCO refused to pay, arguing that the total payments received from the Farmers settlement and PIP exceeded the arbitration award.