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Things Remembered, Inc. v. Petrarca

Citations: 133 L. Ed. 2d 461; 116 S. Ct. 494; 516 U.S. 124; 1995 U.S. LEXIS 8531; 33 Collier Bankr. Cas. 2d 1338; 95 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 9216; 64 U.S.L.W. 4035; 95 Daily Journal DAR 16063; 28 Bankr. Ct. Dec. (CRR) 243Docket: 94-1530

Court: Supreme Court of the United States; December 5, 1995; Federal Supreme Court; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The Supreme Court case addresses whether a federal appellate court can review a district court's remand order of a bankruptcy case to state court due to untimely removal. The respondent initiated proceedings in state court against a corporation for unpaid rent and to enforce a guaranty. Following the corporation's bankruptcy filing, the petitioner removed the case to federal court. The district court found the removal untimely and remanded the case, citing lack of jurisdiction. The Sixth Circuit dismissed the petitioner's appeal, referencing jurisdictional limitations under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d) and § 1452(b). The Supreme Court affirmed this dismissal, emphasizing that § 1447(d) prohibits appellate review of remand orders based on procedural defects or lack of jurisdiction, applicable to all removal statutes, including those in bankruptcy cases. The Court clarified that § 1452(b) permits remand on equitable grounds without appellate review, aligning with Congress's intent to maintain the non-reviewability of remand orders. The decision underscores the legislative policy against appellate intervention in remand orders, upholding the district court's original determination and reinforcing procedural requirements for timely remand motions.

Legal Issues Addressed

Appellate Review of Remand Orders

Application: The Court held that appellate review of a district court's remand order is prohibited when the order is based on procedural defects or lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.

Reasoning: The Court held that § 1447(d) prohibits appellate review of remand orders based on procedural defects or lack of subject-matter jurisdiction for removed bankruptcy cases.

Application of 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d) in Bankruptcy Context

Application: The Court clarified that § 1447(d) applies to remands under any removal statutes, including those in bankruptcy cases, affirming that Congress intended remand orders to be non-reviewable.

Reasoning: The Court clarified that § 1447(d) applies to remands under any removal statutes, including bankruptcy cases, and that both § 1447(d) and § 1452 coexist within the bankruptcy context.

Interpretation of 'Equitable Ground' in Remand Orders

Application: The term 'equitable ground' is interpreted as reasonable or appropriate grounds, reflecting Congress's intent to eliminate pre-merger distinctions between law and equity.

Reasoning: The language used by Congress suggests a deliberate choice to eliminate any pre-merger distinctions and to classify remands based on fairness and appropriateness.

Jurisdictional Barriers under 28 U.S.C. § 1452(b)

Application: Remand orders based on 'any equitable ground' under § 1452(b) are not subject to appellate review, maintaining the overarching policy against reviewability.

Reasoning: While § 1452(b) allows for remand on 'any equitable ground' without appellate review, this does not contradict the overarching policy against review of remand orders.

Procedural Requirements for Remand Motions

Application: The ruling confirmed that motions to remand for procedural defects must be filed within 30 days of removal to comply with § 1447(c).

Reasoning: The Court clarified that remand orders based on untimely removal are not reviewable, emphasizing that § 1447(c) requires any motion to remand for procedural defects to be filed within 30 days of removal.