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Pederson v. Dumouchel

Citations: 431 P.2d 973; 72 Wash. 2d 73; 31 A.L.R. 3d 1100; 1967 Wash. LEXIS 784Docket: 38184

Court: Washington Supreme Court; September 21, 1967; Washington; State Supreme Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves a medical malpractice lawsuit arising from an automobile accident that required jaw surgery for the plaintiff, Larry C. Neal, at St. Joseph Hospital. The surgery proceeded without a medical doctor present, and Neal subsequently suffered severe brain damage. Dorothy H. Pederson, as Neal's guardian, alleged negligence against Dr. M.L. Dumouchel, dentist Walter D. Heikel, and the hospital. The core legal issues focused on the standard of care, the refusal to apply the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, and improper defense arguments. The trial court's instructions on the standard of care were contested, highlighting the evolution of the locality rule, which was deemed less relevant due to the availability of national standards. The court found negligence as a matter of law for the hospital's procedural failures. The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur was pertinent, allowing the jury to infer negligence from the extraordinary injuries suffered by Neal. The case was remanded for a new trial due to improper jury instructions and the conduct of defense counsel, which was found to have unduly influenced the jury. The judgment of dismissal was reversed, and costs were reserved pending the outcome of the retrial.

Legal Issues Addressed

Application of Locality Rule

Application: The locality rule was considered outdated and less relevant, as modern communication and education allow practitioners to be aware of national standards.

Reasoning: Consequently, the 'locality rule' has diminished relevance, serving primarily as one of several factors in determining the standard of care expected from practitioners.

Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur

Application: The doctrine was applicable in this case, enabling the jury to infer negligence due to the extraordinary nature of the injury and the control the defendants had over the instrumentality causing the injury.

Reasoning: The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur is applicable, allowing the jury to infer negligence if an injury occurs under circumstances that typically do not happen without negligence, provided that the instrumentality causing the injury was under the defendants' control.

Improper Conduct of Defense Counsel

Application: The court found that the defense counsel's appeal to local sentiments improperly influenced the jury, warranting a retrial.

Reasoning: The court concluded that the trial was unfairly influenced by these tactics, leading to a decision for a retrial.

Jury Instructions in Medical Malpractice

Application: The court determined that the plaintiff's requested instruction allowing the jury to infer negligence without a full explanation should have been granted.

Reasoning: The court determined that the plaintiff's requested instruction No. 13, which allowed the jury to infer negligence without a complete explanation, should have been granted.

Negligence of Hospitals in Surgical Procedures

Application: The court found that a hospital is negligent as a matter of law if it allows surgery under general anesthesia without a medical doctor's presence and supervision, except under extraordinary circumstances.

Reasoning: Negligence is established as a matter of law for a hospital that allows surgery under general anesthesia without a medical doctor's presence and supervision, barring extraordinary circumstances.

Standard of Care in Medical Malpractice

Application: The court discussed the standard of care required of medical professionals, emphasizing that it should be based on the average, competent practitioner under similar circumstances rather than confined to local practices.

Reasoning: The required standard is that of an average, competent practitioner under similar circumstances, rather than being confined to local practices.