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Aquarian Foundation, Inc. v. Sholom House, Inc.

Citation: 448 So. 2d 1166Docket: 82-2016

Court: District Court of Appeal of Florida; April 16, 1984; Florida; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves the Aquarian Foundation, Inc.'s appeal against a judgment from the District Court of Appeal of Florida, which had invalidated a condominium unit sale due to a breach of the declaration requiring board consent. The lower court had ruled the sale null due to the association's authority to arbitrarily withhold consent. The appellate court reversed this decision, focusing on the legality of the association's consent restrictions. It found that although such restrictions generally support communal living, they must not impose unreasonable restraints on alienation. The court deemed the association's arbitrary consent power invalid, as it lacked an obligation to facilitate or purchase the property, thus unlawfully hindering property marketability. The judgment emphasized that while condominium declarations carry a presumption of validity, they must balance association control with individual property rights without violating public policy. The court's ruling underscores the necessity for reasonable restrictions that align with promoting economic growth and protecting property transfer rights.

Legal Issues Addressed

Invalid Restraint on Alienation

Application: The association's power to arbitrarily deny consent without compensating the unit owner constitutes an invalid restraint on alienation.

Reasoning: The absence of a clause requiring the association to secure another buyer or approve the proposed transfer renders the restraint on alienation unlawful.

Presumption of Validity in Condominium Declarations

Application: Restrictions within a condominium declaration carry a strong presumption of validity as they are accepted upon purchase by unit owners.

Reasoning: Courts have noted that restrictions within a declaration of condominium carry a strong presumption of validity, as unit owners accept these restrictions upon purchase.

Public Policy on Free Alienability of Property

Application: Restrictions on property transfer must not hinder property improvement or marketability, aligning with public policy to promote economic growth.

Reasoning: The overarching public policy supports free alienability of property to encourage economic growth.

Reasonableness of Condominium Restrictions

Application: Condominium restrictions must balance the association's control with the individual owner's rights, ensuring they do not violate public policy or constitutional rights.

Reasoning: While such restrictions are generally favored, they must not violate public policy or individual constitutional rights.

Reverter Clause in Condominium Declarations

Application: The reverter clause in the condominium declaration mandates compensation to the former owner if a transfer violation occurs, which supports maintaining control over the condominium's composition.

Reasoning: The reverter clause in the declaration mandated that the association compensate the former owner if a violation occurred, which was deemed a valid restriction to maintain control over the condominium's composition.

Validity of Condominium Transfer Restrictions

Application: The court examines whether the condominium association's restriction on a unit owner's ability to sell their property constitutes an unreasonable restraint on alienation.

Reasoning: Despite the association's authority to withhold consent 'arbitrarily, capriciously, or unreasonably,' the court found that this did not constitute an unreasonable restraint on alienation.