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First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles

Citations: 96 L. Ed. 2d 250; 107 S. Ct. 2378; 482 U.S. 304; 1987 U.S. LEXIS 2606; 55 U.S.L.W. 4781; 17 Envtl. L. Rep. (Envtl. Law Inst.) 20787; 26 ERC (BNA) 1001Docket: 85-1199

Court: Supreme Court of the United States; June 9, 1987; Federal Supreme Court; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves a dispute between a religious organization and Los Angeles County over an ordinance that temporarily prohibited construction on the organization's flood-prone property. The organization claimed this ordinance effectively denied all property use, constituting a taking without just compensation. The trial court dismissed the inverse condemnation claim based on California precedent, which requires a prior judicial determination of a regulation's excessiveness before awarding compensation. The California Court of Appeal affirmed this decision. However, the U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari to address whether temporary regulatory takings necessitate compensation under the Fifth Amendment. The Supreme Court ruled that compensation is required for the period before a regulation is invalidated if it constitutes a taking, emphasizing the Just Compensation Clause's role in ensuring compensation for government actions that effectively take private property. The case was remanded for further proceedings consistent with this ruling. This decision marks a significant development in takings jurisprudence by recognizing the compensability of temporary regulatory takings, potentially influencing land use regulation and property rights litigation across jurisdictions.

Legal Issues Addressed

California's Approach to Regulatory Takings

Application: The California Court of Appeal upheld the trial court’s decision that compensation for regulatory takings requires a prior judicial determination of the regulation's excessiveness, as per Agins v. Tiburon.

Reasoning: The California Court of Appeal upheld the trial court’s decision, referencing the California Supreme Court's ruling in Agins v. Tiburon, which stated that compensation for regulatory takings requires a prior judicial determination of the regulation's excessiveness.

Inverse Condemnation Claims

Application: The Supreme Court recognized the right to pursue inverse condemnation claims for temporary regulatory takings that deny all property use.

Reasoning: This ruling emphasizes that the Clause aims to ensure compensation for government interference that amounts to a taking, regardless of whether it is temporary or permanent, thereby affirming the right to pursue inverse condemnation claims even in cases of regulatory takings that deny all property use.

Options for Government Following a Taking

Application: Once a taking is determined, the government can amend or withdraw the regulation or exercise eminent domain, but must provide compensation for the period of total loss of property use.

Reasoning: Once a court determines that a taking of property has occurred, the government retains various options, including amending or withdrawing the regulation or exercising eminent domain.

Regulatory Takings under the Just Compensation Clause

Application: The U.S. Supreme Court held that temporary regulatory takings require compensation under the Just Compensation Clause, even if the regulation is later invalidated.

Reasoning: The Court determined that under the Just Compensation Clause, a landowner is entitled to recover damages for the period before a regulation is declared a taking.

Temporary vs. Permanent Takings

Application: Temporary takings that completely deny a landowner any use of their property are treated similarly to permanent takings, requiring compensation.

Reasoning: Temporary takings that completely deny a landowner any use of their property are treated similarly to permanent takings under the Constitution, which mandates compensation.