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Scott Graham Hartman, Kay Hartman, his mother and duly qualified conservator and guardian, and Cleon Hartman v. The University of Tennessee and State of Tennessee

Citation: Not availableDocket: M1999-02730-COA -R3-CV

Court: Court of Appeals of Tennessee; March 15, 2000; Tennessee; State Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the Hartmans appealed a decision from the Tennessee Claims Commission, which denied them recovery of medical expenses on behalf of BellSouth Corporation under an ERISA plan as a subrogee. The claim originated from injuries sustained by Scott Hartman in 1987. The Commission ruled that the subrogation claim was not properly raised, as BellSouth, the real party in interest, was not included in the proceedings. The appellate court affirmed the Commission’s decision based on jurisdictional grounds, noting that the claimants attempted to recover funds for a party not involved in the case. It suggested that BellSouth pursue its subrogation rights separately. An attempt to join BellSouth as a party was deemed untimely due to the significant delay. The case examined distinctions between Federal Rule 17(a) and Tennessee Rule 17.01, with implications for how subrogation claims must be pleaded. The court emphasized ratification under Rule 17(a) to bind parties to litigation outcomes and noted the waiver of the real party in interest defense due to its late assertion. The appellate court reversed and remanded the case for trial on its merits, emphasizing the importance of resolving cases on substantive grounds rather than procedural technicalities.

Legal Issues Addressed

Federal and Tennessee Rules on Subrogation

Application: The case highlights the distinction between Tennessee Rule 17.01 and Federal Rule 17(a) regarding prosecution in the name of the real party in interest, with Tennessee's rule allowing more flexibility in naming.

Reasoning: The case hinges on the difference between Tennessee Rule 17.01 and Federal Rule 17(a), particularly regarding the prosecution of actions in the name of the real party in interest, with Tennessee's rule allowing certain parties to sue in their own name without joining the benefitting party.

Impact of Late Joinder

Application: The Claims Commission determined that the attempt to join BellSouth Corporation as a party was untimely and could not be allowed due to the substantial delay and procedural history involved.

Reasoning: However, the Claims Commission ruled this joinder was untimely, occurring nearly twelve years after the original claim and after significant judicial proceedings had already taken place.

Jurisdiction and Real Party in Interest

Application: The Claims Commission ruled it lacked jurisdiction because the subrogation issue was not properly raised by the correct party, BellSouth Corporation, which was not included in the proceedings.

Reasoning: The Commission ruled that it could not consider the subrogation issue because it was not properly raised in the original pleadings, and therefore, the BellSouth plan, as the real party in interest, was not included in the proceedings.

Ratification and Res Judicata

Application: The court discussed ratification by subrogees under Rule 17(a) to ensure that all parties are bound by the litigation's outcome without needing to be named as parties.

Reasoning: Federal practice allows a subrogee insurance company to avoid being joined as a party-plaintiff if it has affirmatively ratified the subrogor's actions in litigation, binding it to the case's outcome under res judicata.

Real Party in Interest and Subrogation

Application: The appellate court affirmed the Claims Commission's decision, noting that the claimants attempted to recover funds belonging to a third party not involved in the case, but suggested BellSouth could pursue its rights separately.

Reasoning: On appeal, the court affirmed the Commission's decision, noting that the claimants were attempting to recover funds belonging to a third party not involved in the case. The court suggested that BellSouth could pursue its subrogation rights through a separate claim to the Claims Commission.

Waiver of Real Party in Interest Defense

Application: Raising the real party in interest defense late in the proceedings was deemed a waiver, as it denied the opportunity for proper party joinder or ratification.

Reasoning: Apex raised the real party in interest defense too late, after the trial had concluded, which resulted in a waiver of that defense.