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Osborne v. National Union Fire Insurance

Citations: 465 S.E.2d 835; 251 Va. 53; 1996 Va. LEXIS 12Docket: Record 951117

Court: Supreme Court of Virginia; January 12, 1996; Virginia; State Supreme Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves an appeal by an injured employee seeking recovery under an uninsured motorist policy. The employee, having obtained a judgment against an uninsured motorist, settled with one insurer without the consent of the other, National Union Fire Insurance Company. National Union denied coverage based on a consent-to-settlement clause. The district court upheld this denial, and the employee appealed, arguing the clause should not bar recovery without evidence of prejudice to the insurer. The Virginia Supreme Court addressed whether an insurer must demonstrate prejudice to enforce a consent-to-settlement provision. The court affirmed National Union's denial of coverage, emphasizing the provision's clear language allowed such denial without showing prejudice. It underscored that legislative amendments only required proof of prejudice for some breaches of policy conditions, not extending to consent-to-settlement provisions. The court also refused to extend the certified question's scope to consider arguments about the exclusion's applicability or public policy conflicts. Therefore, the court upheld the insurer’s right to deny coverage under the existing policy terms.

Legal Issues Addressed

Consent-to-Settlement Clause in Uninsured Motorist Coverage

Application: The court held that an insurer can deny coverage based on a consent-to-settlement clause without demonstrating prejudice to its subrogation rights.

Reasoning: The Virginia Supreme Court affirmed National Union's right to deny coverage, holding that the clear and unambiguous language of the consent-to-settlement provision allowed for such denial, regardless of whether the insurer's subrogation rights were harmed.

Interpretation of Policy Provisions

Application: The court found that exclusions in insurance policies are conditions of coverage and do not require proof of prejudice unless legislatively amended.

Reasoning: Past rulings confirm that an insurance company is not required to show prejudice when an insured fails to meet a policy provision, such as timely notification of an accident (e.g., State Farm Fire and Casualty Co. v. Walton).

Legislative Amendments and Insurance Policy Conditions

Application: The court noted that legislative amendments require proof of prejudice for certain breaches, but did not extend this requirement to consent-to-settlement clauses.

Reasoning: Prior to a 1966 legislative amendment, insurers did not have to prove prejudice to deny coverage due to a breach of cooperation clauses. The amendment, however, mandated that prejudice must be shown for certain breaches, including prompt delivery of suit papers.

Limitation of Certified Question Scope

Application: The court declined to address issues beyond the certified question, such as the exclusion's applicability solely to uninsured motorist settlements or its potential conflict with public policy.

Reasoning: The court also addresses Osborne's arguments that the exclusion applies solely to settlements with uninsured motorists and is contrary to public policy, stating these issues exceed the certified question's scope and will not be discussed.