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LIGHTSEY CATTLE COMPANY v. FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATIVE COMMISSION

Citation: Not availableDocket: 2023-0587

Court: District Court of Appeal of Florida; July 12, 2024; Florida; State Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves an appeal by Lightsey Cattle Company against the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's final order, which imposed a conditional hunting preserve license requiring compliance with a fencing rule. The Commission upheld the condition despite Lightsey's claim of a permanent exemption based on a 1987 license. Lightsey sought a formal hearing under Florida Statutes sections 120.569 and 120.57 but was only granted an informal hearing, which limited procedural rights. The Commission argued that it operated within its constitutional authority, thus not subject to the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), and maintained it could not grant exemptions to the fencing rule. The court determined it lacked jurisdiction over the appeal, as the Commission's actions were legislative under constitutional authority, exempting them from the APA's judicial review provisions. Consequently, the case was transferred to the Circuit Court of the Ninth Judicial Circuit in Osceola County for review via a writ of certiorari, which is appropriate for examining quasi-judicial actions when no alternative appeal route exists. This decision underscores the delineation of jurisdictional boundaries concerning administrative actions under constitutional authority and the applicability of the APA.

Legal Issues Addressed

Commission's Constitutional Authority

Application: The Commission's actions, including the Fencing Rule, were determined to be legislative rather than administrative, and thus not subject to the APA's provisions for administrative review.

Reasoning: The Commission adopted the Fencing Rule under its constitutional authority, which is considered legislative rather than administrative, and its enforcement pertains to the executive branch's responsibilities regarding wildlife management.

Jurisdiction Over Appeals of Administrative Actions

Application: The court determined it lacked jurisdiction to review the appeal directly because the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission is not classified as an 'agency' under the Administrative Procedure Act when acting under its constitutional powers.

Reasoning: A party adversely affected by the Commission's adoption or enforcement of the Fencing Rule cannot seek judicial review under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) because the Commission is not classified as an agency under the APA for this rule.

Permanent Exemption Claims and Estoppel

Application: Lightsey contended that a notation on its 1987 license constituted a permanent exemption from the Fencing Rule, which the Commission disputed, stating it lacks authority to grant such exemptions.

Reasoning: Lightsey reiterated its claim of exemption and argued for estoppel against the enforcement of the Fencing Rule, while attempting to present evidence.

Procedures Under the APA

Application: Although the Commission adopted certain APA sections for procedural purposes, it did not operate under the APA itself, precluding judicial review under APA provisions.

Reasoning: The Commission contends that it was acting under the APA when it denied Lightsey a formal hearing and conducted an informal hearing, asserting that it has adopted certain APA sections to ensure due process. However, this argument is flawed: jurisdiction for appeal must be established by general law, which the Commission cannot create.

Remedy Through Writ of Certiorari

Application: The case was transferred to the circuit court for review via a writ of certiorari, a common law remedy appropriate for reviewing quasi-judicial actions of administrative agencies when no alternative appeal is available.

Reasoning: In the case of Lightsey, seeking certiorari review of the Commission’s Final Order is deemed appropriate. However, it must be determined which court, district or circuit, is proper for this review.